-faced with war from Burma (Heads of Burma > 1819-1857 Bagyidaw) and Vietnam from 1833 to 1839

-total defeat and gets killed in battle

-killed in sack of Bangkok

-essentially means destruction of Chakri state

-this guy

-forms a court around him after sack of Bangkok

-and establishes capital at Nonthaburi upstream

-in the wake of it loses Lao states, Lanna, Nakhon Si Thammarat, and Malay states

-but is able to reestablish a Siamese state

-renewed state-building is a tough process which takes most of his time

-including building a grand new capital at Nonthaburi

-pretty complicated process but does establish some semblance of stability

-kills a bunch of Roman Catholic missionaries

-results in Spanish punitive expedition which bombards Bangkok and goes up to Nonthaburi

-sees Suriwongse accept defeat, allows establishment of Spanish colony downriver

-Spanish forced to leave by French who stretch muscles in region

-instead sees the rise of British influence in its place

-and growing influence of British capital, and with it growing debt

-with Recessions > Panic of 1911, all its heavy debt to the British made payable on bankruptcy tables

-British expedition comes north up the river and storms Nonthaburi

-forces the signing of a treaty which brings pretty huge taxes northwards

-and imposes a powerful resident

-anti-British movement successfully launches violent revolution

-takes Nonthaburi

-declares a republic and forces monarchy into exile

1949: Ran unopposed